德外長: 即便恢復使館也不等於承認塔利班政權

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（德國之聲中文網）周二，美軍提前一天撤離阿富汗後僅數小時，在多哈的印度外交官便同塔利班舉行了首次具有劃時代意義的會晤。

根據印度外交部公布的聲明，應塔利班方面的請求，印度駐卡塔爾大使米塔（Deepak Mittal）與塔利班政治家頭目斯坦尼克扎伊（Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai）在印度當地使館進行了本次會談，內容聚焦安全以及撤離滯留在阿富汗的印度公民。該聲明還提到雙方談及向那些有意願前往印度的阿富汗人發放通行證。

聲明還寫道，米塔大使向對方表明，阿富汗不應成為反印活動以及一切恐怖主義活動的基地。塔利班代表則表示，以上議題都會正面、積極地處理。

這是新德裡政府二十年來首次承認同塔利班進行了互動。塔利班政府垮台後，印度政府支持美國扶植的民選政府，為阿富汗重建提供了將近20億美元的援助，成為阿富汗在該地區最大的金主。去年11月，印度還宣稱向阿富汗追加基建投資8000萬美元。

但在印度眼中，塔利班始終被看作世仇巴基斯坦的代理人。新德裡宣稱堅決不同塔利班舉行任何形式的對話。然而這一表態在周二顯然失效。

美國宣布從阿富汗全部撤軍之後，今年6月印度媒體有導報稱政府正在考慮同塔利班接觸，印度軍方支持這一想法，主張同塔利班內容的所謂“民族派”建立聯系，而不是與巴基斯坦和伊朗有牽連的其他派別。

德國外長：恢復使館不等於承認塔利班政府

目前，大部分西方國家從喀布爾撤離了大使館。德國外交部長馬斯周三在卡塔爾對媒體表示，一旦阿富汗的政治與安全局勢允許，德國將在阿富汗恢復大使館的工作。但他同時聲稱，恢復使館並不意味著“承認塔利班政府”，目前亟待解決的問題不是國際承認，而是一切非常具體的事項。

俄羅斯正在同塔利班協商建立雙邊關系

俄羅斯和中國以及土耳其和巴基斯坦等國沒有從喀布爾撤出使館。一周前（8月25日）俄羅斯總統普京同中國國家主席習近平通電話表示，會在阿富汗事宜上進行合作。在周一（8月30日）聯合國安理會召集的敦促塔利班為各國撤僑保障安全通道的表決中，俄中是15個國家裡僅有的兩個投棄權票的國家。

俄羅斯總統普京的阿富汗特使卡布洛夫（Zamir Kabulov）周一表示，俄羅斯駐喀布爾使館正同阿富汗新當權者塔利班協商以建立雙邊關系。他說，俄羅斯將幫助恢復阿富汗經濟，也希望西方不要凍結阿富汗政府的金融資產。

中國政府表達希望，不提承認

中國外交部例行記者會上多日來有“北京是否承認塔利班政府”的提問，外交部發言人汪文彬均沒有做出明確回答。周二（8月31日）汪文彬說，“我們希望阿富汗組建開放包容、有廣泛代表性的政府，奉行溫和穩健的內外政策，堅決打擊各類恐怖勢力，同各國友好相處，順應本國人民願望和國際社會普遍期待。”

周三回答同樣的問題時，除了重復以上言辭，汪文彬還加上了毛澤東曾經對阿富汗的論述，“毛澤東主席曾說：‘阿富汗是一個英雄的國家，歷史上從來沒有屈服過。中阿兩國是友好國家，中國不想損害阿富汗，阿富汗也不想損害中國，兩國是相互支持的。’”

（綜合報道）

奪權後首次正式外交接觸！阿富汗神學士與印度會談

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印度外交部表示，印度駐卡達大使米塔爾會見了神學士駐杜哈政治辦公室負責人史塔尼克賽（見圖）。（美聯社）

2021/09/01 06:36

首次上稿 00:17

更新時間 06:36

〔即時新聞／綜合報導〕印度外交部表示，印度駐卡達大使週二（8/31）與阿富汗神學士（Taliban，或譯塔利班）高層進行會談，這是激進組織神學士接管阿富汗以來首次正式外交接觸。

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《路透》報導，印度外交部表示，大使米塔爾（Deepak Mittal）會見了神學士駐杜哈（Doha）政治辦公室負責人史塔尼克賽（Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai）。

印度外交部表示，雙方討論了阿富汗印度人的安全問題，米塔爾還表達了印度的擔憂，即反印武裝分子可能利用阿富汗的土地發動襲擊，「神學士代表向大使保證，將會積極解決這些問題」。

幾天前，當地媒體援引史塔尼克賽的話表示，神學士希望與印度建立政治和經濟聯繫。神學士沒有立即就與印度官員的會談發表評論。

報導指出，印度在阿富汗的發展工作投資超過30億美元，並與美國支持的喀布爾政府建立密切聯繫。印度政府消息人士稱，今年6月，印方在杜哈與神學士政治領導人建立非正式聯繫。

神學士上一次掌權是在1996年至2001年，當時印度、俄羅斯和伊朗是支持對神學士政府進行武裝反抗的北方聯盟。

消息人士稱，史塔尼克賽上個月曾非正式聯繫印度，要求不要關閉大使館。據印度官員稱，史塔尼克賽在1980年代曾在印度軍事學院接受過阿富汗軍事培訓。

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Indian envoy in Doha meets Taliban leader

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The meeting came at the request of the Taliban, say officials

In signs that the Government of India has softened its stance on the Taliban, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) announced that its Ambassador to Qatar Deepak Mittal met with the head of the Taliban’s political office, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanekzai, on Tuesday.

While Indian security officials and diplomats are understood to have engaged with Taliban representatives for several months, this is the first time the government has publicly acknowledged such a meeting which, the MEA said, came at the request of the Taliban. Officials told The Hindu that the request came as Taliban leaders have been keen to receive some “acceptability”, and that India remains “cautious” about its approach to the group.

“Discussions focused on safety, security and early return of Indian nationals stranded in Afghanistan. The travel of Afghan nationals, especially minorities, who wish to visit to India also came up,” a statement issued by the MEA said, adding that Mr. Mittal said India’s concern was that “Afghanistan’s soil should not be used for anti-Indian activities and terrorism in any manner.”

About 140 Indians and members of the Sikh minority still remain in Kabul, and need to be brought back. India has thus far transported 565 people, including 112 Afghan nationals to Delhi. The numbers have been far lower than other countries like the U.S., which has evacuated 1,22,000 people, including more than 1,00,000 Afghan nationals, in some measure due to the fact that the government has security concerns and is strictly regulating any visas, and in some measure as it is unable to ensure the safe evacuation of people wishing to travel.

According to the MEA statement, the Taliban leader assured the Indian Ambassador that all the issues would be “positively addressed”. Mr. Stanekzai, who trained and graduated out of the Indian Military Academy at Dehradun, made a statement on Saturday calling for India to continue its political and trade ties with Afghanistan, and pursue connectivity projects.

The Haqqani group

The meeting and the statements came after a number of signals from New Delhi that it was recalibrating its earlier position on the Taliban as a terrorist group, after Taliban militants took control of the country on August 15. In particular, India has had concerns about the Haqqani group, which is a part of the Taliban and Taliban Deputy leader Sirajuddin Haqqani, who were responsible for the attacks on the Indian Embassy in 2008-2009. The attacks left more than 75 people, including Indian diplomats, dead. It is also believed that the Taliban is a proxy of Pakistan.

In the last few months, however, the MEA had said it was in touch with “various stakeholders” in Afghanistan, not denying that the Taliban was one of them, and Indian officials have met with Taliban representatives in Doha, according to sources. In June, one such meeting was confirmed by Qatari special envoy for reconciliation Mutlaq bin Majed Al-Qahtani. After the Taliban takeover of Kabul, when India decided to pull out all embassy staff, they were stopped from leaving for the airport by gunmen guarding the city, and the government had to open its channels to the Taliban to secure their release.

Money changed hands

According to sources, the Embassy in Kabul worked its communications to the Taliban through other countries and leaders like former President Hamid Karzai and High Council for National Reconciliation Chief Abdullah Abdullah, and eventually received permission after some money changed hands, and assurances given that the convoy would travel unarmed so as to reach the airport with Taliban escort.

Also Read The legal challenges in recognising the Taliban

As a result, while officials say some form of tactical engagement is necessary, it remains to be seen whether the Modi government will agree to re-establish its diplomatic presence in the country and to recognise a Taliban government, once it is formed.

While countries like Russia, China, Qatar, Iran and Pakistan have kept their embassies in Kabul open, others like the U.S., Saudi Arabia, the U.K. and European countries have closed their missions there. Speaking to Members of Parliament at a briefing last Friday, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar said India would “wait and watch” the Taliban’s actions, especially with regard to human rights, treatment of women and minorities, and attitude towards terror groups that could target India using the Afghan territory.